Explainable Artificial Intelligence Survey Nov. 2021

A survey to assess the quality of an XAI explanation.

Thank you for participating in this Mechanical Turk survey.

This survey will ask you to consider one case study and answer a number of short questions relating to the case study.

If you have any questions please contact us at XAIMTurkSurvey@federation.edu.au

Please note: We are based in Australia. We will be monitoring this email between 9 am and 5 pm AEDT. This is equivalent to 5 pm to 1 am in New York EST (22:00 to 06:00 UTC). 

There are 30 questions in this survey.

Plain Language Information Statement

1

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES

 

PROJECT TITLE:

Measuring the Effectiveness of Explanations of the Decisions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Algorithms

PRINCIPAL RESEARCHER:

Dr Peter Vamplew

OTHER/STUDENT RESEARCHERS:

Dr Cameron Foale

Dr Richard Dazeley

Dr Francisco Cruz

Charlotte Young

 

You have been invited to participate in a survey that we hope will refine a rubric for use in evaluating the explanations produced by an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) system. You were selected because you agreed to participate in this study. The study was advertised on Amazon Mechanical Turk.

This survey is part of an Explainable Artificial Intelligence Research Project. You will be asked to read one example explanation and answer questions about it and its quality. Some of these questions will evaluate if you have read the example explanation, if you fail these questions you may be judged to be not paying sufficient attention for your answers to count, and therefore you could possibly not get paid.

You will also be asked some questions about yourself to help us to understand the demographics of this survey.

This survey should take up to 15 minutes to complete, and you will be compensated USD 2 upon completion.

Involvement in the project is voluntary, and you are free to withdraw their consent to participate at any time and to withdraw any unprocessed data previously supplied. The completion of a survey indicates implied consent to participate. However, withdrawal of participation will lead to you not getting paid through Amazon Mechanical Turk. If consent is withdrawn after data has been aggregated and processed it will not be possible to withdraw non-identifiable data, although consent can still be withdrawn.

There will be an opportunity for participants to preview results and transcripts and to withdraw or amend (if appropriate) any data during or at the end of the process or any unprocessed data previously supplied.

Data confidentiality will be maintained by only storing the information on the Federation University Australia system, and on the Federation University Australia computer network and only researchers named on this project will have access to this data. The data will be stored indefinitely. Collected data will be confidential, and no identifying information will be used in any publication arising from the research without permission. Be aware that in participating in this research, your de-identified data may be used to inform future research.

The results will be made public and published in Charlotte Young’s thesis and journal articles related to the topic.

Disseminated results will not include information that identifies individual participants (unless specific permission has been obtained).

Confidentiality of information offered is subject to legal limitations (e.g., subpoena, freedom of information claim, or mandatory reporting in some professions).

For Federation University Australia participants the project has received clearance by the HREC.

There should not be any discomfort caused by this research. However, there is a slight risk that discussing the topics in these case studies may cause you to become upset or disturbed.

If you feel distressed or worried about such matters, you should seek help from the appropriate local support group. A list of crisis hotlines for many countries is available here: https://www.opencounseling.com/suicide-hotlines

For follow up technical support, please contact us on XAIMTurkSurvey@federation.edu.au. Emails and Turkopticon (an Amazon Mechanical Turk worker website) will be monitored so that researchers can respond quickly to any concerns participants may have.

Please note: We are based in Australia. We will be monitoring this email and Turkopticon between 9 am and 5 pm AEDT. This is equivalent to 6 pm to 1 am in New York EDT (22:00 to 06:00 UTC).

If you have any questions, or you would like further information regarding the project titled  Measuring the Effectiveness of Explanations of the Decisions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Algorithms, please contact the Principal Researcher, Dr Peter Vamplew of the School of Science, Engineering, Information Technology:

EMAIL: XAIMTurkSurvey@federation.edu.au

PH: +61 3 5327 9616

 

 

Should you (i.e. the participant) have any concerns about the ethical conduct of this research project, please contact the Federation University Coordinator Research Ethics, Research Services, Federation University Australia,

P O Box 663 Mt Helen Vic 3353

Telephone:  (03)  5327 9765

Email: research.ethics@federation.edu.au

 

CRICOS Provider Number 00103D

If you consent to participate in this survey, please select "next" and continue with the survey, otherwise please exit this survey. 

If you consent to participate in this survey, please select "next" and continue with the survey, otherwise please exit this survey. 

Initial Questions on Drone Case Study

2

Case Study

We present one of six different simulations of a game. The rules are a simple form of hide-and-seek. In the simulations, the drone – the aerial member – and the person wearing the green t-shirt – the ground member – form a team. They work together to catch their opponent, who wears a red t-shirt.

One of the six scenarios is illustrated below. The scenario shows the initial and final situation for that scenario. The final situation shows the environment state after the drone makes its decision. It chooses from three options: to stay, to move, or to give advice to the ground team member.

The illustrations also show the drone camera view (with pink boxes for the drone and the drone view) and a prediction of the behaviour of the ground team member and of the opponent (red arrows show the predicted movement).

The drone bases its decision on the information on what the ground team member and the opponent are doing.

Please note: The drone is controlled by an Artificial Intelligence algorithm not a human

The Explanation Offered by the XAI

Start of Explanation to Evaluate

Drone Case Study (click here)

End of Explanation to Evaluate

3 What number scenario have you been given? *

Please write your answer here:

This question is to check that you read the drone Case Study. It has only one right answer. Please choose the most correct answer.

4

What colour shirt is the opponent team wearing? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • pink
  • silver
  • gold
  • brown
  • grey / gray
  • black
  • white
  • red
  • orange
  • yellow
  • green
  • blue
  • indigo
  • violet
  • purple
This question is to check that you read the drone Case Study. It has only one right answer. Please choose the most correct answer.

5

What colour shirt is the team with the drone wearing? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • violet
  • purple
  • pink
  • silver
  • gold
  • brown
  • grey / gray
  • black
  • white
  • red
  • orange
  • yellow
  • green
  • blue
  • indigo
This question is to check that you read the drone Case Study. It has only one right answer. Please choose the most correct answer

6

What game are the two humans and the drone playing? *

Please write your answer here:

This question is to check that you read the drone Case Study. It has only one right answer. Please choose the most correct answer

7

What rating (out of 10) would you give the explanation? *

Please write your answer here:

0 Not an explanation at all

10 A good and clear explanation

8 Why did you rate this explanation the way you did? *

Please write your answer here:

Rubric Marking of Drone Case Study

9

Case Study

This is the same case study as you have previously seen.

We present one of six different simulations of a game. The rules are a simple form of hide-and-seek. In the simulations, the drone – the aerial member – and the person wearing the green t-shirt – the ground member – form a team. They work together to catch their opponent, who wears a red t-shirt.

One of the six scenarios is illustrated below. The scenario shows the initial and final situation for that scenario. The final situation shows the environment state after the drone makes its decision. It chooses from three options: to stay, to move, or to give advice to the ground team member.

The illustrations also show the drone camera view (with pink boxes for the drone and the drone view) and a prediction of the behaviour of the ground team member and of the opponent (red arrows show the predicted movement).

The drone bases its decision on the information on what the ground team member and the opponent are doing.

Please note: The drone is controlled by an Artificial Intelligence algorithm not a human

The Explanation Offered by the XAI

Start of Explanation to Evaluate

Drone Case Study (click here)

End of Explanation to Evaluate

10

Instructions for completing this part of the survey

Please check the most appropriate option for each of the questions below. If you need to explain why you chose the option you did, use the comments box.

11 Is the explanation clear? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • The explanation is clear
  • The explanation is mostly clear
  • The explanation is only clear in parts
  • The explanation is not clear
Make a comment on your choice here:

12 Is the explanation written with correct spelling and grammar? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • The explanation has no grammatical errors and no spelling mistakes
  • The explanation has some grammatical errors and spelling mistakes
  • The explanation has many grammatical errors and spelling mistakes
  • The explanation is not readable because of the grammatical errors and spelling mistakes
Make a comment on your choice here:

13 Does the explanation define the uncommon words and symbols it uses? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • All unusual and uncommon words and symbols are defined
  • Only some words and symbols are defined
  • No words and symbols are defined, even though the explanation is unclear without them
  • No definitions or keys were needed
Make a comment on your choice here:

14 Is the supporting information (or detail) well presented and understandable? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • The information supplied to support the explanation is clearly presented and understandable
  • The information supplied is mostly clearly presented and mostly understandable
  • The information supplied to support the explanation is poorly presented and not understandable.
  • There is no supporting information
Make a comment on your choice here:

A good discussion and definition of "supporting detail" can be found here

15 Can the explanation be acted upon? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • It is clear how to act upon the explanation and there are instructions for the reader on what to next
  • The explanation can be acted upon
  • It is not clear how to act upon the explanation but it can be acted upon
  • The explanation can not be acted upon
Make a comment on your choice here:

In this question "acted upon" is defined as: 
"To take action that is strongly influenced by certain information or advice."

Acted upon. (2020). In TheFreeDictionary.com.
https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/acted+upon

16 Are references provided? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • All claims that need it are referenced
  • Some claims that need it are referenced
  • No references are provided even though there are claims that need references
  • No references are needed to support this explanation, and so no references are provided
Make a comment on your choice here:

reference tells the readers where the information came from and gives the readers details about the source so that they have a good understanding of what kind of source it is and could find the source themselves if necessary.

NC State University. (2004). Citations and references: Documenting your sources. LabWrite for Students. https://labwrite.ncsu.edu/res/res-citsandrefs.html

17

Are relevant facts mentioned in the explanation? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • There are frequent references to relevant facts
  • There are some references to relevant facts
  • There are few references to relevant facts
  • There are no reference to relevant facts
Make a comment on your choice here:

Relevant facts are facts that add to the discussion, and that are connected to the explanation.

 

18 Is the question (or implied question) answered? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • The explanation answers the question (or implied question)
  • The explanation mostly answers the question (or implied question)
  • The explanation only partly answers the question (or implied question)
  • The explanation provided is not relevant to the discussion
Make a comment on your choice here:
Does the explanation address what the audience to want to know?

19 Can the explanation's reasoning be followed without difficulty? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • The reasoning of the explanation is laid out clearly and it is possible to follow the argument
  • It is possible to follow the reasoning of the explanation
  • It is possible to follow some of the reasoning of the explanation, however, some of the explanation is not linked to other parts
  • It is impossible to follow the reasoning of this explanation
Make a comment on your choice here:

20 Is the explanation convincing? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • The explanation is convincing
  • The explanation is mostly convincing
  • The explanation is mostly NOT convincing
  • The explanation is NOT convincing
Make a comment on your choice here:
Are you, the survey taker, convinced by this explanation?

21 Have you any further comments about the survey as a whole or this sample explanation?

Please write your answer here:

 

 

Census of participants

22 What is your age?

Please write your answer here:

Please skip this question if you prefer not to say

23 What country do you live in? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • **Private**
  • Antigua and Barbuda
  • Iraq
  • Ireland
  • Israel
  • Italy
  • Jamaica
  • Japan
  • Jordan
  • Kazakhstan
  • Kenya
  • Kiribati
  • Argentina
  • Kuwait
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Laos
  • Latvia
  • Lebanon
  • Lesotho
  • Liberia
  • Libya
  • Liechtenstein
  • Lithuania
  • Armenia
  • Luxembourg
  • Macao
  • Madagascar
  • Malawi
  • Malaysia
  • Maldives
  • Mali
  • Malta
  • Marshall Islands
  • Martinique
  • Aruba
  • Mauritania
  • Mauritius
  • Mayotte
  • Mexico
  • Micronesia
  • Moldova
  • Monaco
  • Mongolia
  • Montenegro
  • Montserrat
  • Australia
  • Morocco
  • Mozambique
  • Myanmar
  • Namibia
  • Nauru
  • Nepal
  • Netherlands
  • Netherlands Antilles
  • New Caledonia
  • New Zealand
  • Austria
  • Nicaragua
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • Norfolk Island
  • North Korea
  • Norway
  • Oman
  • Pakistan
  • Palau
  • Palestinian Territory
  • Azerbaijan
  • Panama
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Paraguay
  • Peru
  • Philippines
  • Pitcairn
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Puerto Rico
  • Qatar
  • Bahamas
  • Romania
  • Russian Federation
  • Rwanda
  • Saint Helena
  • Saint Kitts and Nevis
  • Saint Lucia
  • Saint Pierre and Miquelon
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  • Samoa
  • San Marino
  • Bahrain
  • Sao Tome and Principe
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Senegal
  • Serbia
  • Seychelles
  • Sierra Leone
  • Singapore
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Solomon Islands
  • Bangladesh
  • Somalia
  • South Africa
  • South Georgia
  • South Korea
  • Spain
  • Sri Lanka
  • Sudan
  • Suriname
  • Svalbard and Jan Mayen
  • Swaziland
  • Afghanistan
  • Barbados
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • Syrian Arab Republic
  • Taiwan
  • Tajikistan
  • Tanzania
  • Thailand
  • The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
  • Timor-Leste
  • Togo
  • Belarus
  • Tokelau
  • Tonga
  • Trinidad and Tobago
  • Tunisia
  • Turkey
  • Turkmenistan
  • Tuvalu
  • Uganda
  • Ukraine
  • United Arab Emirates
  • Belgium
  • United Kingdom
  • United States of America
  • United States Minor Outlying Islands
  • Uruguay
  • Uzbekistan
  • Vanuatu
  • Vatican City
  • Venezuela
  • Vietnam
  • Virgin Islands
  • Belize
  • Wallis and Futuna
  • Western Sahara
  • Yemen
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe
  • Benin
  • Bermuda
  • Bhutan
  • Bolivia
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Botswana
  • Albania
  • Bouvet Island
  • Brazil
  • British Indian Ocean Territory
  • Brunei Darussalam
  • Bulgaria
  • Burkina Faso
  • Burundi
  • Cambodia
  • Cameroon
  • Canada
  • Algeria
  • Cape Verde
  • Cayman Islands
  • Central African Republic
  • Chad
  • Chile
  • China
  • Christmas Island
  • Cocos Islands
  • Colombia
  • Comoros
  • American Samoa
  • Congo
  • Cook Islands
  • Costa Rica
  • Cote d'Ivoire
  • Croatia
  • Cuba
  • Cyprus
  • Czech Republic
  • Denmark
  • Djibouti
  • Andorra
  • Dominica
  • Dominican Republic
  • Ecuador
  • Egypt
  • El Salvador
  • Equatorial Guinea
  • Eritrea
  • Estonia
  • Ethiopia
  • Falkland Islands
  • Angola
  • Faroe Islands
  • Fiji
  • Finland
  • France
  • French Guiana
  • French Polynesia
  • Gabon
  • Gambia
  • Georgia
  • Germany
  • Anguilla
  • Ghana
  • Gibraltar
  • Greece
  • Greenland
  • Grenada
  • Guadeloupe
  • Guam
  • Guatemala
  • Guinea
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Antarctica
  • Guyana
  • Haiti
  • Heard Island and McDonald Islands
  • Honduras
  • Hong Kong
  • Hungary
  • Iceland
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • Iran
If you prefer not to say, please enter "private"

24 What is your occupation? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • Managers
  • Unknown
  • Private
  • Professionals
  • Technicians and Trades Workers
  • Community and Personal Service Workers
  • Clerical and Administrative Workers
  • Sales Workers
  • Machinery Operators and Drivers
  • Labourers
  • IT Workers
If you do not wish to state your occupation please select "Private"

25 How often do you consume entertainment about AI? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • I have never consumed entertainment that features AI
  • I seldom consume entertainment that features AI
  • I sometimes consume entertainment that features AI
  • I often consume entertainment that features AI
Make a comment on your choice here:

For example

  • Television shows
  • Movies
  • Fiction books
  • Games
  • Comics

26 How often do you consume non-fiction about AI? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • I have never consumed non-fiction about AI
  • I seldom consume non-fiction about AI
  • I sometimes consume non-fiction about AI
  • I often consume non-fiction about AI
Make a comment on your choice here:

For example

  • Journal articles
  • Newspaper articles
  • Lectures

27 How much experiance have you had with drones? *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • I have had no experience with drones and I know nothing about drones
  • I have had a little experience with drones or I know a little about drones
  • I have had some experience with drones but I am not an expert
  • I have had a lot of experience with drones and I am expert on drones
Make a comment on your choice here:
This question will allow us to understand how familiar you are with drones.

Further Comments

28 Do you have any more comments to make?

Please write your answer here:

Validation

29 Your unique code is {sum(SID*QID)} *

If you have any difficulties with this code, please email us at XAIMTurkSurvey@federation.edu.au

Please note: We are based in Australia. We will be monitoring this email between 9 am and 5 pm AEDT. This is equivalent to 5 pm to 1 am in New York EST (22:00 to 06:00 UTC). 

30

The code above will need to be entered on the HIT on the Amazon Mechanical Turk website to confirm you completed this survey.

You should write down the access code.

Please check yes to confirm you have gotten your access code. *

Please choose only one of the following:

  • Yes
  • No
Please check yes to confirm you have gotten your access code.

Thank you for responding to the survey.

If you have any questions please contact us at XAIMTurkSurvey@federation.edu.au

Please note: We are based in Australia. We will be monitoring this email between 9 am and 5 pm AEDT. This is equivalent to 5 pm to 1 am in New York EST (22:00 to 06:00 UTC).  


20.12.2021 – 13:25

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